Summary Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a worldwide pandemic with millions infected. The immune responses of human body to the severe COVID-19 have been well studied, and a number of antibody-based assays have been developed for serological studies. Moreover, the study of the neutralizing antibody that targets at a special structural protein of the SARS-CoV-...
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus and resulting COVID‐19 pandemic present important diagnostic evaluation challenges. These range from understanding the value of signs and symptoms in predicting possible infection, assessing whether existing biochemical and imaging tests can identify infection and people needing critical care, and evaluating whether new diagnos...
What is cTnI? Troponin (Tn) is a complex of three regulatory proteins (C, I, T) that is integral to muscle contraction in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle, but not smooth muscle. However, TnT and TnI in cardiac muscle are presented by forms different from those in skeletal muscles. Distribution of cTnI during AMI When AMI and myocardial cell damage occurs: The free cTnI in cardiac muscle is rele...
Vitamin D and Bone Health What is Vitamin D? Vitamin D, first identified as a vitamin early in the 20th century, is now recognized as a prohormone. It is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids that is naturally present in very few foods, responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and many other biological effects. Vitamin D plays an important ro...
Getein PCT solution -- Sepsis diagnosis Sepsis, defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host-response to infection, is a worldwide highly prevalent syndrome, associated with significant morbidity and mortality[1]. Important aspects of sepsis management are early diagnosis in the first few hours of triage[2]. However, the correct diagnosis and differentiation...
Chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) is an assay that combines chemiluminescence techniques with immunochemical reactions. CLIA utilizes chemical probes which could generate light emission through chemical reaction to label the antibody. In recent years, CLIA has gained increasing attention in different fields, including life science, clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, food ...
World Sepsis Day is a Global Sepsis Alliance initiative that started in 2012 and occurs every year on September 13th with events held all over the world to raise awareness about sepsis. World Sepsis Day is important because it is an opportunity for people worldwide to unite in the fight against sepsis which accounts for at least 8 million deaths worldwide annually [1]. Yet, depending on the...
Preface Influenza is a seasonal respiratory illness that occurs annually, usually peaking in winter. It affects 5-10% of adults and 20-30% of children each year.[1] This common, yet serious, infectious disease, represente a significant threat to public health. Globally, annual influenza epidemics are estimated to result in about 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness, millions of hospita...
