Mild or moderate COVID-19 lasts about two weeks for most people. But others experience lingering health problems even after the fever and cough go away and they are no longer testing positive for the illness, which is known as post-COVID conditions (PCC) or long COVID. The World Health Organization has developed a definition for long COVID as coronavirus symptoms that persist or return three month...
COVID-19 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was officially declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020[1,3] . According to European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, the rate of COVID-19 cases among people aged 65 years and older increased by 7% by the week ending 18 December 2022 compared with the previo...
Preface Influenza is a seasonal respiratory illness that occurs annually, usually peaking in winter. It affects 5-10% of adults and 20-30% of children each year.[1] This common, yet serious, infectious disease, represente a significant threat to public health. Globally, annual influenza epidemics are estimated to result in about 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness, millions of hospita...
As of November 20 of this year, a total of 52,807 laboratory-confirmed dengue cases and 230 associated deaths have been reported in Bangladesh this year, with a case fatality rate of 0.44%. Although dengue is a common endemic disease in Bangladesh, a surge in cases since June 2022 remains unusual. Several studies suggest that this year's high incidence of dengue cases is occurring aga...
World Sepsis Day is a Global Sepsis Alliance initiative that started in 2012 and occurs every year on September 13th with events held all over the world to raise awareness about sepsis. World Sepsis Day is important because it is an opportunity for people worldwide to unite in the fight against sepsis which accounts for at least 8 million deaths worldwide annually [1]. Yet, depending on the...
Chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) is an assay that combines chemiluminescence techniques with immunochemical reactions. CLIA utilizes chemical probes which could generate light emission through chemical reaction to label the antibody. In recent years, CLIA has gained increasing attention in different fields, including life science, clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, food ...
Getein PCT solution -- Sepsis diagnosis Sepsis, defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host-response to infection, is a worldwide highly prevalent syndrome, associated with significant morbidity and mortality[1]. Important aspects of sepsis management are early diagnosis in the first few hours of triage[2]. However, the correct diagnosis and differentiation...
Vitamin D and Bone Health What is Vitamin D? Vitamin D, first identified as a vitamin early in the 20th century, is now recognized as a prohormone. It is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids that is naturally present in very few foods, responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and many other biological effects. Vitamin D plays an important ro...
What is cTnI? Troponin (Tn) is a complex of three regulatory proteins (C, I, T) that is integral to muscle contraction in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle, but not smooth muscle. However, TnT and TnI in cardiac muscle are presented by forms different from those in skeletal muscles. Distribution of cTnI during AMI When AMI and myocardial cell damage occurs: The free cTnI in cardiac muscle is rele...
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus and resulting COVID‐19 pandemic present important diagnostic evaluation challenges. These range from understanding the value of signs and symptoms in predicting possible infection, assessing whether existing biochemical and imaging tests can identify infection and people needing critical care, and evaluating whether new diagnos...
